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Liquor brewing is a treasure

2023-10-30

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Liquor industry is the pillar industry of China's liquor-making industry. The by-products of food brewing industry produced by China's liquor industry are very rich every year, which is a kind of biomass resources with broad development potential.

In recent years, China's liquor industry in the current market has been from saturation trend down, production concentration continues to increase (Figure 1). This is advantageous for the centralized recovery and treatment of winemaking by-products, which can effectively reduce the transportation cost.

1. the research and utilization of the solid by-products of liquor, there are the following methods:

1Feed

Through fermentation technology, the indigestible components in the lees can be removed as much as possible, functional substances can be increased, toxic and harmful substances can be reduced, and protein and amino acids can be enriched.

2Compost

Composting is a process of removing organic matter from liquor distiller's grains. Because the organic matter is degraded under aerobic conditions, leaving humus and inorganic matter, the composted distiller's grains can be used as organic fertilizer or soil additives.

3Extraction of active ingredients

At present, there have been some reports trying to extract bioactive peptides from liquor lees. Bioactive peptides are short-chain peptides composed of 2-20 amino acids, which can remain stable during gastrointestinal digestion. Bioactive peptides were extracted from liquor lees mainly by enzymatic method.

4thermochemical conversion

Thermochemical conversion is mainly to convert liquor distiller's grains biomass into heat energy and combustible gas by combustion or pyrolysis.

5Biogas

Biogas is a kind of renewable energy with great potential, and anaerobic digestion technology can be used to produce biogas. Because biogas usually contains more CO₂It is difficult to be popularized and utilized, and we still need to pay attention to the next step of biogas purification technology.

6Bioethanol fuel

Liquor distiller's grains contain not only soluble sugar and starch, but also lignocellulose such as rice husk, which is a by-product of food industry containing 1G and 2G bioethanol production raw materials and can be used to make bioethanol fuel.

2. the research and utilization of the solid by-products of liquor, there are the following methods:

1、 Esterification liquid

The content of esters in yellow water, wine tail and tail water is relatively small, which makes it heavy and incongruous. Therefore, many studies have focused on increasing the ester content of these wine-making by-products through esterification and making ester-rich mixed liquor.

2、 extraction of aroma substances

At present, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology is mainly used to extract aroma substances from yellow water. The ratio of ethyl lactate, ethyl caproate and ethyl butyrate in the extract was similar to that of Maotai-flavor liquor, and the content reached more than 10 times of that of Maotai-flavor liquor, which was suitable for liquor blending.

3、 Reused fermented grains

Yellow water has a positive contribution to the aroma components of fermented grains. The study found that yellow water can promote the formation of esters, alcohols and diacetyl in fermented grains, and at the same time make the starch content in fermented grains decreased significantly.

4、 Brewing vinegar and soy sauce

Mix yellow water with rice wine mash and inoculate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and acetic acid bacteria, and ferment for 10 to 15 days to obtain mellow and soft sour yellow water vinegar drink. In addition, yellow water contains a certain amount of amino acids and pigments, which can be used to prepare soy sauce.

5、 crop cultivation

The content of carbohydrate and ammonia nitrogen in yellow water and bottom pot water is relatively rich, which is suitable for cultivating edible fungi. However, the content of microorganisms and organic acids in yellow water is high, and its long-term impact on soil quality should be investigated, and the food safety of cultivated plants should be evaluated.

6、 extraction of active ingredients

The polysaccharide extracted from yellow water will bring better antioxidant activity, and the lower molecular weight, lower purity, and higher protein content of yellow water polysaccharide (forming a protein-polysaccharide complex) will improve its antioxidant properties.

3. summary and prospect

Due to the unpredictable changes in the new crown epidemic and the world situation, the energy crisis and the food crisis have further intensified, and making full use of biomass resources is one of the ways to alleviate these problems.

The industrial by-products produced by liquor industry in China is an important source of biomass, but it leads to waste of resources due to the failure of reasonable disposal. Therefore, there is still a lot of room for expansion in the recycling of by-products in the liquor industry.

References

[1]Ma Yanchao, Hou Yaxin, Huang Mingquan, Ye Hong, Zheng Yang, Wu Jihong, Sun Baoguo. Research and utilization status and prospect of by-products in liquor industry as biomass resources [J/OL]. Food and fermentation industry: 1-17[2022-08-02]. DOI:10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.032650.

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